即将在法国开战的第十五届欧洲杯赛,和往年大有不同,它要面对欧洲恐怖主义的威胁和欧足联群龙无首的尴尬,肩负帮助法国足球重焕光彩的任务,还要为现今使用的赛制举行一次完美的告别仪式。
2016年法国欧洲杯即将拉开帷幕,对这一赛事的期待也早已遍布欧洲各地。多名来自具备参赛资格国家的选手希望为赛季的结尾画上一个完美的句号,这无疑将巩固他们在各自国家队的席位。
眼观别处,欧洲杯的商业合作伙伴纷纷启动了赞助计划,而球迷们也早已在赛事打响之前就开始消费了。国家队队服是球迷必买的商品,但啤酒、外卖披萨、甚至新电视的销量也会在赛事之前和赛事期间有所增长。
过去的一些估计指出这一赛事会为欧洲带来价值超过10亿英镑的经济活动。
由于种种原因,这一届的欧洲杯蕴含着特殊的意义。这将是欧洲杯最后一次以现有的赛制举办。迄今为止,欧洲杯都由一个国家主办(2000年除外)。而2020年的欧洲杯将在13个国家进行,总决赛设置在伦敦的温布利球场。
当更改现有赛制的决议被采纳时,当时的欧洲足联主席米歇尔·普拉蒂尼将它描述为献给欧洲杯60年生日的浪漫礼物。但是从最近欧足联吸引未来主办国投资遇到的困难来看,我们能否再次看到历史赛制被采用仍是存疑的。
然而2020年的赛制也赢得了一些人的口碑,特别是那些担心欧洲足球会被少数国家控制的评论家们。在新的赛制下,欧洲杯对比赛在巴库,布加勒斯特,毕尔巴鄂,都柏林这些城市举办的问题上将会更加公开民主。
作为世界体育顶级赛事之一,法国主办的欧洲杯也将以下述原因而备受关注。时下,由于普拉蒂尼因在国际足联的麻烦陷入禁足,欧足联主席位置空缺。虽然普拉蒂尼在申诉撤销禁令,但他很可能会缺席这届欧洲杯。所以欧足联在其主要赛事开展之际实际上是群龙无首。
紧随着去年的巴黎恐怖袭击事件和今年早些时候的布鲁塞尔爆炸案,这届的欧洲杯也将在恐怖主义威胁带来的安全隐患下进行。有些读者肯定记得两名自杀炸弹袭击者曾试图进入当时正在举行法国队和德国队比赛的法兰西体育馆,并最终在体育馆外引爆了炸弹。
赛事安全问题持续威胁着欧洲杯的举办,特别是在欧洲保持了其边界开放和公民自由流动政策的情况下。然而赛事的策划者也坚决要求如果有任何明显的恐怖袭击迹象,比赛将关门进行---球队正常比赛,但是球迷不得进入场地。
即使没有恐怖主义的威胁,欧足联和法国策划者所面临的比赛管理方面的挑战也是巨大的。这次的欧洲杯有24支参赛队伍,而在2012年只有16支。所以,今年的欧洲杯将在10个不同的场地上进行51场比赛。保证任何一场比赛的顺利进行都是极大的挑战。
积极的一方面是,改制后的欧洲杯将会使得威尔士,阿尔巴尼亚和匈牙利这样的国家有机会参与。这非常重要,因为它扩大了欧洲杯的预选赛区,使欧洲足球更为公平,某些世界级的巨星也将有机会出现在欧洲杯赛场上,比如加雷斯·贝尔(当今世界上最昂贵球员)。
对法国来说,欧洲杯的举办在本国的足球发展进程中显得格外重要。十年前,法国足球甲级联赛被认为是欧洲排名前五的足球联盟之一。从那之后,法甲一度落后于英超和西甲,甚至德甲和意甲也将法甲甩在了身后。法国足球相对的衰退从法国国家队的表现来看尤为明显---法国位于国际足联世界排名的第21位。
在新投资的帮助下,法国希望承办欧洲杯能进一步刺激国家队和法甲的再度崛起。举办欧洲杯已经推动了多处基础设施的建设,包括里昂和里尔的新体育馆。这将为法国足球留下重要的遗产,尤其是这些设施将会给各俱乐部带来创造新收入的机会,例如商务社交和非比赛日活动。
同时法甲也正从新一代的老板中吸引投资,如果夏季的欧洲杯成功举办,这将对法甲更有利。卡塔尔体育投资对巴黎圣日耳曼足球俱乐部的收购是最明显的一个例子,同时索肖足球俱乐部被来自中国的投资者买走,而摩纳哥足球俱乐部易主于一名俄罗斯寡头。
虽然法国足球的遗产表明法国的足球俱乐部和国家队尚有一些商业潜力,但这些新一代的老板们面临着将其资产商业化的挑战。尽管全世界人都知晓齐达内和欧拉蒂尼的事迹,但是法国足球的确需要更为严格的管理。除此之外,法国也要着手应对其最佳球员和管理者的转会问题。
去年,恩戈洛·坎特是一个相对低调的球员,效力于法甲的低排位俱乐部卡昂。然而在以800万欧元的低价转会莱斯特城后,坎特一飞升天成为了英超最耀眼的明星之一。同时,安托瓦内·格里兹曼也成为了马德里竞技进军欧冠决赛的重要人物。法国面临的挑战就是将这些明星留在本土以帮助推动国内联赛发展。
伴随着欧洲恐怖主义的威胁,欧足联的过渡时期,以及法国足球急需的发展,今年的欧洲杯将会格外的惹人注目。当大家都在期待这样一项激动人心的赛事上演时,我们也会密切关注球场外局势的变化。
insisted that, should there be evidence ofa tangible terrorism threat, then matches will take place behind closed doors –the teams will play but fans won’t be allowed in.
Even without the threat of terrorism, theevent management challenges facing UEFA and the French organisers were always goingto be significant. This is an enlarged competition consisting of 24 teams; in2012, the tournament consisted only of 16 teams. As a result, this year therewill be 10 venues playing host to 51 matches. Protecting each of these will thoughbe a major challenge.
More positively, the re-formattedcompetition has enabled the likes of Wales, Albania and Hungary to qualify forthe Euros. This is important as it broadens-out the constituency of thetournament, which is important for egalitarianism in European football, andalso because some of the world’s biggest stars can now play in one of theworld’s biggest tournaments, Gareth Bale (the world’s most expensive player)being one example.
For France, the event comes at importanttime in the country’s football development. Ten years ago, Ligue 1 wasconsidered to be among Europe’s top-5 football leagues. Since then, it hasfallen behind the current top-2 (England and Spain) and even Germany and Italy.The relative decline of French football is symbolised by France’s national teamperformances – 21st in FIFA’s world ranking.
The French will be hoping that hosting thetournament further stimulates the gradual re-emergence of the country’s teamsand leagues, which has recently been stimulated by new investment. Hosting of theEuros has resulted in several new infrastructural projects being instigated,including new stadiums in Lyons and Lille. This will create an important legacyfor French football, especially as it creates opportunities for clubs togenerate new revenue streams from, for example, corporate hospitality andnon-match day conferences.
At the same time, the French footballleague is attracting investment from a new generation of owners, which could befurther stimulated if this summer’s event is a success. Qatar SportingInvestment’s acquisition of Paris Saint Germain is the most notable example ofthis, although Sochaux has been purchased by Chinese investors while Monaco isowned by a Russian oligarch.
While French football’s heritage indicatesthat its clubs and the national team have some commercial potential, this newbreed of owners faces a major challenge in commercialising its assets. Whilethe world is aware of Zidane and Platini, stronger management needs to develop.Alongside this, France must get to grips with the migration of its best playersand managers.
Last year, N’Golo Kante was a relativelylow profile player, appearing for lowly club Caen in Ligue 1. Havingtransferred to Leicester City for a very modest 8 million Euros, Kante has goneon to become one of the big stars of the English Premier League season. At thesame time, Antoine Griezmann has also been one of the stars of AtleticoMadrid’s run to the UEFA Champions League Final. The challenge for France is tokeep such stars at home so that they enhance the domestic league.
With Chinese football rising, Europeanterrorism threatening, UEFA in a period of transition and French footballneeding to develop, this year’s UEFA European Championship is likely to be anintriguing one. While we are all looking forward to an exciting tournament onthe field, many of us will be watching affairs off the field too.
作者简介:西蒙·查德威克,任教于英国索尔福德大学,被聘为“92班“教授,教授“体育企业”,“体育战略”等课程。同时他还担任2022卡塔尔世界杯研究项目主任。与西蒙·查德威克教授合作过的世界顶级体育组织包括巴塞罗那足球俱乐部、欧足联、德国足球甲级联赛、阿迪达斯、米其林、国际网球联合会、德勤和Repucom。
Simon Chadwick is 'Class of 92' Professor of Sports Enterprise at Salford University Manchester and Director of Research for the 2022 Qatar World Cup. He has worked with many of the world's leading sports organisations including FC Barcelona, UEFA, the Bundesliga, Adidas, Michelin Motorsport, the International Tennis Federation, Deloitte and Repucom.
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声明:文中观点仅代表作者本人观点,不代表懒熊体育。